Survey · 5 August 2026 · A series in 14 parts
Two Standards, 26 Cantons
Das Format ist publiziert. Was zwischen einer fertigen Datei und einer angenommenen Einreichung liegt, haben wir aus 255 primären Dokumenten zusammengetragen — eine Serie in 14 Teilen, jede Angabe mit Quelle und Datum.
The starting point. eCH, the Schweizerische Steuerkonferenz (the Swiss Tax Conference) and swissdec have published the standards for the machine-readable Jahresrechnung of legal entities; the cantons decide what their portals accept. This series does not follow the formats and does not follow federalism. It follows three documented admission conditions: a login, a contract and a missing set of instructions.
Two tracks, not one format. The swissdec Transmitter specification (edition 06.03.2026) lists four rows in its communication matrix: the ERP sends XBRL into a canton's own Deklarationslösung (DeclareRawBalanceSheet), the Deklarationslösung sends eCH-0276 to the primary and secondary tax domiciles (DeclareBalanceSheet). Why there are two formats is not in the prose, it is in the state machine: the XBRL track has a state CompletionReleaseMissing and a Completion element that opens a browser so a person can complete and release. The eCH-0276 track has neither. XBRL is raw figures going into a form that a person still has to finish — the word Raw sits in the operation name. eCH-0276 is the finished declaration. At programme level there are in fact three artefacts: the implementation plan of Digitale Verwaltung Schweiz additionally names eCH-0217 for value-added tax.
Three gates. (1) The contract: «Aus vertragsrechtlichen und statuarischen Gründen seitens Swissdec können aktuell nur kantonseigene Deklarationslösungen die E-Bilanz via Distributor elektronisch empfangen. Für die Anbindung von privaten Deklarationslösungen an den Distributor müssen zuerst die vertraglichen Grundlagen geschaffen werden.» (for reasons of contract law and swissdec's own articles of association, only cantons' own Deklarationslösungen can currently receive the E-Bilanz electronically via the Distributor; the contractual basis for connecting private Deklarationslösungen to the Distributor has to be created first). The word «zuerst» (first) presupposes a «dann» (then). (2) The certification: six of the seven operations in the WSDL carry the note «This operation must be signed by: ERP Certificate»; every message carries the vendor name and a certificate number «wie auf dem physischen Zertifikat abgebildet» (as shown on the physical certificate) — one admission register per vendor. (3) The identity: swissdec company authentication bases a company's identity on «eine bestehende Geschäftsbeziehung … zu einer Versicherung» (an existing business relationship with an insurer); in Zürich an AGOV account represents «immer eine natürliche Person» (always a natural person), and the route into the paperless channel runs through a letter with a physical access code.
The cantons. From one vendor's canton matrix (as at 03.07.2026), 26 of 26 rows counted: transmission for legal entities out of third-party software is possible in 14 cantons and not possible in 12 — Zürich among them. For natural persons it is 25 of 26. The gap is eleven cantons. In Genf electronic filing has been mandatory since 2020, in Tessin since 1.1.2024 by law (Art. 198 Abs. 2bis LT). Four different signature regimes, correction windows from zero to ten days.
Obwalden. Four tax periods ahead — and the signed PDF Jahresrechnung never went away: «Ohne Jahresrechnung kann die Steuererklärung nicht eingereicht werden.» (without the Jahresrechnung the tax return cannot be filed). The E-Bilanz fills the form; it does not replace the document. The canton with the head start left the route on which it held that head start, from tax period 2025 onward.
For implementers. Three eCH-0276 schemas are in circulation at the same time. Two of them carry the same namespace and the same schema version version="0" and differ in 13 removed and 15 new elements — and in 88 silent data-type changes from xs:long to xs:decimal. The element TestCase, which the guidelines call for twice, appears in none of the 35 supplied schemas and in none of the 11 examples. We know this shape of hole: in Germany we lost six returns because a missing test marker did not count as an error.
Disclosure. We are a German sole proprietorship from Cologne. We have never imported a file into a cantonal portal and never sent a call to the swissdec Distributor, not even a Ping. Our own generator passes 42 of 42 paths against the published schema, 40 of 42 against the swissdec schema and 39 of 42 against the V2.0.0 draft. That number is here because it counts against us.
Inhalt
Jedes Kapitel steht für sich. Wer die Reihe als Ganzes liest, sieht den Zusammenhang, auf den es ankommt — die drei Tore hängen zusammen, und keines davon ist technisch. Die ganze Reihe als PDF.